Author: Tretij

Task

For questions 1-5 choose which of the paragraphs A-E fit into the numbered gaps in the text. Follow the instruction:
Read quickly through the main text, ignoring the gaps;
Analyze the paragraphs with the gaps and think what information could fit each gap;
Read the paragraphs A-E;
Analyze the key-words before and after the gap;
Put the correct numbers of the paragraphs into the gaps;
Check yourself: look for grammatical or logical links between paragraphs.

Vocabulary

adventurous
affluent countries
apiece
apply
canker
city dump
compete
estimate
fertilizers
garbage
garbage disposal plant
gullen
household wastes
human refuse
impose big taxes
increase
profitable
raw material
sand pit
undertake
urban conglomeration
waste products
предприимчивый
развитые страны
поштучно
относиться
язва
городская свалка
соревноваться
оценивать
удобрения
мусор
мусоросжигающий завод
овраг
бытовые отходы
бытовые отходы
налагать большие налоги
повышать(ся)
выгодный
сырье
песчаный карьер
предпринимать
населенный пункт
отходы

Snow has gone and there is garbage again

Reading:
Gapped text

pre-FCE activity

Snow has gone and there is garbage again

Every spring we've got the same situation. The snow melts away and in Moscow suburb cities, urban conglomerations and villages hills of garbage are found out. The scenery along railways, stations and roads is really horrifying. Recent years sweeping of all these "traces of civilization" goes though slowly but necessary.
And what do they do with this gathered garbage?
Every year our country "produces" 130 million tons of garbage.
Another part because of laziness of the drivers transporting waste products goes into gullens, former sand pits or just to the forest. One more "canker" poisoning underground and surface waters appears on the "body" of the land.
The volume of the human refuse per one person in industrial cities increases every year. In 50-60-s of the 20th century experts approximately estimated this mass at 9 kg per person. Today this weight has increased up to 30, and in Moscow has nearly reached the European level - 150 kg per citizen.
Most scientists associate the solution of the garbage problem with building garbage disposal plants. However this is not the only possible way.
In the affluent countries it has been realized long time ago that household wastes are the most valuable source of raw material for manufacture of metal, glass, paper and fertilizers.

3

In France, Germany, Japan beautifully decorated containers with the image of a bottle, a tin or a newspaper stand in yards. Here the citizens throw the future raw material. Even litter bins in many cities are already made with four holes for different kinds of garbage. But in Russia success of such actions is really questionable.
For example, in one of the Moscow districts the experiment has been held. The colorful polyethylene bags for gathering various types of garbage were distributed to the citizens.
Glass bottles, paper and food waste were still dumped mixed together.
Many people talk about a link between the problem of garbage volume increase and the appearance of different types of pack for all the goods. It is said that in the past everything was sold weighted out and apiece, that's why there were less garbage.
In fact, the new branch of the industry - packing began to develop in our country. But not only it gives people employment but also add money to the state budget.
Well made pack, for example, for milk, allows keeping it without any refrigerator for several months. It applies to all the other goods: fish, sausage, cheese. If we impose big taxes on the factories which produce pack, as it is offered sometimes, the development of other branches, first of all, recycling agricultural products will certainly be delayed.
It's obvious that this problem can not be solved at once. While the volume of our garbage has not grown up to European, it is necessary to undertake concrete steps for creation the industry of garbage recycling. As a matter of fact much depends on us. If containers for separate gathering of wastes appear once again, we should think where we throw our garbage and what can be caused by it.

But the adventurous citizens used these bags for shopping.
To make their extraction from the domestic garbage economically profitable, it is only necessary to dump glass, metal, paper, plastic products in different containers.
In part this garbage "happily" finds a place of rest on city dumps.
Russian goods in modern packing can compete with import ones.
Moscow suburbs at last become clean again in one-two months

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